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KMID : 1130620230190030217
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Journal of Clinical Neurology
2023 Volume.19 No. 3 p.217 ~ p.229
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Current Updates on the Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Sclerosis for the General Neurologist
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Archit B Baskaran
Elena Grebenciucova
Thomas Shoemaker
Edith L Graham
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Abstract
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-driven disease that affects the central nervous system and is characterized by acute-on-chronic demyelination attacks. It is a major cause of global neurological disability, and its prevalence has increased in the United States. Conceptual understandings of MS have evolved over time, including the identification of B cells as key factors in its pathophysiology. The foundation of MS management involves preventing flares so as to avoid long-term functional decline. Treatments may be categorized into low-, middle-, and high-efficacy medications based on their efficacy in relapse prevention. With 24 FDAapproved treatments for MS, individual therapy is chosen based on distinct mechanisms and potential side effects. This review provides a detailed update on the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment advances, and major ongoing research investigations in MS.
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KEYWORD
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multiple sclerosis, review, neuroimmunology, autoimmune neurology
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